August 24, 2025 | UR Gate
Leucine (C6H13NO2) Structure, Properties and Nomenclature
Discover Leucine (C6H13NO2), an essential branched-chain amino acid. Learn its structure, key properties, IUPAC name, synonyms, and its vital roles in protein synthesis, and energy production.
What is Leucine (C6H13NO2)?
Leucine is one of the three branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), classified as essential because the human body cannot synthesize it and must obtain it through diet. It features a distinctive branched aliphatic side chain. Leucine plays a critical role in protein synthesis, muscle repair, and growth, and it also helps regulate blood sugar levels by influencing glucose metabolism. Found in high-protein foods such as meat, poultry, fish, dairy products, and legumes, leucine is vital for maintaining muscle mass and energy levels, particularly for athletes and individuals recovering from injury or illness.
Properties of Leucine (C6H13NO2)
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C₆H₁₃NO₂ |
| Molecular Weight | 131.17 g/mol |
| Density | 1.29 g/cm³ |
| Boiling Point | Decomposes upon heating (around 290-295 °C) |
| Melting Point | 293–295 °C (decomposes) |
| Hybridization | Alpha-carbon atom is sp³ hybridized. The side chain carbons are also sp³ hybridized. |
| Appearance | White crystalline solid |
| Solubility | Slightly soluble in water; insoluble in ethanol. |
Nomenclature of Leucine
- Common name: Leucine
- IUPAC name: 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid
Synonyms
- L-Leucine (for the naturally occurring enantiomer)
- (2S)-2-Amino-4-methylpentanoic acid
- 2-Amino-4-methylvaleric acid
- Leu
- D-Leucine (for the non-natural enantiomer)
- (2R)-2-Amino-4-methylpentanoic acid
