August 26, 2025 | UR Gate
Salicylic Acid (C7H6O3) Structure, Properties and Nomenclature
Explore Salicylic Acid (C7H6O3), a beta-hydroxy acid. Learn its structure, key properties, IUPAC name, synonyms, and its uses in skincare for exfoliation and acne treatment, and as a precursor to aspirin.
What is Salicylic Acid (C7H6O3)?
Salicylic acid is a beta-hydroxy acid (BHA) and a key organic compound found naturally in the bark of willow trees and in wintergreen leaves. It is widely recognized for its medicinal properties, particularly in dermatology. Its ability to penetrate pores and exfoliate the skin makes it an effective ingredient in treatments for acne, psoriasis, and calluses. Salicylic acid also possesses anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It serves as a precursor in the synthesis of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), a more potent anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving drug. Its chemical structure features a benzene ring with a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group attached to adjacent carbon atoms.
Properties of Salicylic Acid (C7H6O3)
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C₇H₆O₃ |
| Molecular Weight | 138.12 g/mol |
| Density | 1.45 g/cm³ |
| Boiling Point | 211 °C (decomposes) |
| Melting Point | 158–161 °C |
| Hybridization | Carbons in the benzene ring are sp² hybridized. The carbon of the carboxyl group is sp² hybridized, and the carbon of the hydroxyl group is sp² hybridized. |
| Appearance | White crystalline solid |
| Solubility | Slightly soluble in water; soluble in ethanol, ether, and acetone. |
Nomenclature of Salicylic Acid
- Common name: Salicylic acid
- IUPAC name: 2-hydroxybenzoic acid
Synonyms
- 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid
- o-Hydroxybenzoic acid
- ortho-Hydroxybenzoic acid
- Salicylol
- 2-Carboxyphenol
